Analisis Dinamika Pembangunan Kota Baru dan Kota Lama terhadap Ketimpangan Pembangunan Perkotaan di Indonesia (Studi Kasus: IKN, BSD, Kota Tua Jakarta, dan Semarang Lama)

Analysis of the Dynamics between New Town and Old Town Development on Urban Development Disparities in Indonesia (Case Studies: IKN, BSD, Jakarta Old Town, and Semarang Old Town)

PDF

Published :

December 2025

Issue

Vol 6 No 2 (2025)

Pages

01-12

Amir Abas

Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Penataan

Ruang Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman Provinsi Gorontalo

DOI: 10.19184/matrapolis.v6i2....

Abstract
The development of new cities in Indonesia has significantly increased over the past decade as a response to rapid urbanization and the growing demand for urban space. New cities are often perceived as strategic solutions to overcome spatial limitations, congestion, and population pressure in major metropolitan areas. However, the strong emphasis on developing new cities frequently results in the neglect of historic existing cities, which hold cultural heritage and play an important role in shaping urban identity. This research analyzes the dynamics between new city development and the revitalization of old cities, as well as their implications for urban development disparities in Indonesia. A case study was conducted on Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) and Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) as examples of new cities, and Kota Tua Jakarta and Semarang Lama as heritage cities. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review and planning document analysis. The findings indicate that new cities excel in attracting investment, providing modern infrastructure, and offering more structured spatial planning. However, such developments may contribute to social segregation, urban sprawl, and widening regional inequality. Meanwhile, old cities possess strong cultural identity, creative economic potential, and inclusive social networks, yet continue to face challenges related to revitalization and heritage preservation. Therefore, integrating new city development with old city revitalization is essential to achieving sustainable and equitable urban development in Indonesia.

Keywords: new city, old city, urban inequality, sustainable development, revitalization

REFERENCES

[1] Disporapar Provinsi Jawa Tengah (2020) Kota Lama Semarang, Visit Jawa tengah. Available at: https://visitjawatengah.jatengprov.go.id/id/destinasi-wisata/kota-lama-semarang#:~:text=Kota Lama merupakan sebuah kawasan,kawasan ini merupakan pusat pemerintahan. (Accessed: 11 September 2025).

[2] Dixon, T. et al. (2007) Sustainable Brownfield Regeneration Liveable Places from Problem Spaces. Firts. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

[3] Harvey, D. (1989) The Urban Experience. First. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

[4] Kementerian PPN/ Bappenas (2025) Kebijakan Perkotaan Nasional 2045. Pertama. Edited by P. dan P.B.K.P.B. Direktorat Tata Ruang, Perkotaan. Jakarta Selatan: Kementerian PPN/Bappenas Dilarang.

[5] Kitchenham, B. et al. (2009) ‘Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering - A Systematic Literature Review’, Information and Software Technology, 51, pp. 7–15.

[6] O’Neill, A. (2023) Urbanization in Indonesia 2023. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/455835/urbanization-in-indonesia/#:~:text=Urbanization means the share of,in urban areas and cities.

[7] Sujarto, D. (2017) ‘Perkembangan Kota Baru’, Journal of Regional and City Planning, pp. 3–34. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.74031-1.

[8] Sustainable Development Commission (2011) What is Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Commission.

[9] Taylor, A. (2024) The Building of Nusantara, The Atlantic. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4291-0.ch002.

[10] The Global Goals (2015) 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities. Available at: https://globalgoals.org/goals/11-sustainable-cities-and-communities/.

[11] Trifena, L.J. and Dewi, S.P. (2021) ‘Pengaruh Revitalisasi Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat’, Jurnal Teknik PWK, 5(1), pp. 51–57. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2024/08/photos-nusantara-indonesia-new-capital-city/679457/.

[12] Ujang, N. and Zakariya, K. (2015) ‘The Notion of Place, Place Meaning and Identity in Urban Regeneration’, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, pp. 709–717. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.073.

[13] United Nations Development Programme (2015) Sustainable Development Goals. New York.

[14] United Nations Population Division (2019) Urbanization. New York.

Page updated

Report abuse