Spatial Agglomeration of Poverty in Jember Regency Amidst Regional Disparities of the Tapal Kuda Region
Igor Aviezena Eris
Universitas Jember
Maria Ekacarini Jayanimitta
Universitas Jember
Inayatul Fikriyah
Universitas Jember
DOI:
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate economic inequality on a macro-regional scale in the Tapal Kuda Region and to map spatial dependencies and poverty clusters at a micro-district level in Jember Regency. A multi-scale quantitative approach was used for the analysis. At the macro level, aggregate disparity was assessed using the Williamson Index and the Gini Index. At the micro level, spatial econometric modeling was applied through univariate and bivariate Global Moran’s I, as well as the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA), focusing on the number of poor households and six variables related to socio-economic and infrastructural vulnerability. The results showed a moderate to high regional spatial disparity in Tapal Kuda, with a Williamson Index of 0.470, while Jember Regency displayed low aggregate inequality with a Gini Index of 0.278. The bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis yielded an index of 0.239, indicating that poverty is not randomly distributed but is closely associated with areas showing basic infrastructure vulnerability. LISA mapping identified three main clusters: Low-Low clusters in urban areas (Patrang, Sumbersari, Kaliwates Districts) with adequate infrastructure, High-High clusters indicating areas of structural poverty (Ledokombo District), and Low-High spatial anomalies (Tempurejo District). In conclusion, spatial planning interventions must be tailored to specific locations. This includes maintaining the growth function of Low-Low clusters, prioritizing the development of communal infrastructure in High-High clusters, and implementing preventive spatial measures in Low-High clusters to avert the expansion of new poverty pockets.
Keywords: Economic Disparity, Moran’s I, LISA, Place-Based Policy, Spatial Planning
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